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He has all the necessary credentials-he dropped out of college to fight against Franco in the Spanish Civil War, was called up before HUAC, and is one of the most vocal university professo rs opposing the Vietnam war. There's just one particular in which Markert differs from the classic radical image: he's a eugenic ist. The tough-jawed Marke rt thinks there should be better peop le and fewer ofthem . In fact, he would like to see the United States population set at Jess than 100 million, half its present size. "The more we develop technology," Markert explains, "the more of our re- sources each indiv idual user will be able to enjoy. To ens ure the best quality of life possible for everyone, we need increasingly fewer peop le sharing that life." At first hearing, Markert would seem at least a crackpot: some fictio na l mad scientist from an Aldo us Huxley novel or a Boris Karloff film. He believes in test-tube creatio n of life, in mass production of mu lti- ple Einsteins. He thinks mankind should almost halt reproduct ion now. Yet Markert is one of biology's most respected re- searc hers. He came to Yale as chair man of his depart- me nt, and in four years he has revitalized and up- dated the entire biology program, whi le winning elec- tion to the prest igious National Academy of Sciences and conti nu ing his research in gene tics. His latest proj- ect is a study of better means of birth contro l. But he has never repudiated his radical beliefs, al- though he thinks America ns are unwi lling or unr eady to accept most of them. He is conv inced, in fact, that peop le won't cut dow n on thei r pro pagat ion unt il "we are on the brink of disaster-and perhaps not until we have fallen into the cataclysm." People are too fon d of children, Marker t says, to make popu lat ion control a matter of conscience . "Everyone wan ts to have four or five children. We all love childr en. But if we realized that having even three children means trouble in our overpopulated wor ld, we might stop with the sobering thou ght that there are too many human be ings alive now." like many eco nom ists and ot her biologis ts, Markert feels the moment of rea lization may co me too late . He is sure ma ny millions of the world population will starve to death in 15 years. Even the nations which now supp ly food, Markert says, will be unab le to feed the ir peoples adequately. What can be done to ave rt disaster? Almos t nothing now, according to Markert. And the steps that cou ld be taken are not forthcom ing. Mar kert deplores the Pope's anti-birth control stand and adds that even in America the government has take n an " unr ea listic" stand. High on Markert's list of priorit ies for U.S. growth planner s: the elimin ation of all incentives-"starting w ith income tax deduct ions" -for having children; imm ediate lega lizaticin of abor- tion; a program lead ing to event ual eugenic repro- duction, with the best gene tic stoc k reprod ucing most of ten instead of leas t often, as is true now. But Markert's interests in reproduction extend past th e Pill, eugenics and people quotas. Currently Mar- kert is a leader in the move toward reproduction of living beings in th e labora tory by artificia l means- or "test-t ub e replicat ion ." Ultimate ly scie ntists wo uld hope to fertilize uniform ova wit h genetic mate rial from a single donor, thu s be ing ab le to create indefi- nite sup plies of great intellectua l leade rs: lite rally, so- ciety could draw from a hund red Gershwins, a thou- sand Lincolns. Markert admits tha t so far, experiments with frogs have produced large numb er of defectives instead of carbon copies of a perfect origina l. But that, he says, is "j ust a tech nical problem. And it will be only a mat- ter of time before we can make the device work for higher life-forms." Mar kert expec ts the tec hniqu e for bottled babies to be ready by the end of the cent ury- tho ugh he's not sure Americans will be ready even then to accept the concep t. While Markert avid ly avows a steady improveme nt in man's genetic nature, through selec tive breed ing and laboratory eugenics, he is certa in that individ ual im- mortality, or even grea tly prolonged life, is out of range. Mar kert sees heart transpla nts as "a tour de force for the surgeons," but argues that transplant ing arti ficial organs is the only long-term sol ution . And even then, Markert says, "the brain, like every other organ, wears out. And if yo u transpla nt a new brain,